一、如何实现同一路由器不同vlan之间的通信

1．单臂路由(图)

环境：一台路由器，一台二层交换机，两台pc机

二层交换机的配置

一般模式：

Switch>

输入enable进入特权模式：

Switch>enable

输入configure terminal进入全局配置模式：

Switch#configure terminal

Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z.

创建vlan 10 和 vlan 20：

Switch(config)#vlan 10

Switch(config-vlan)#vlan 20

Switch(config-vlan)# exit

进入接口配置模式：

Switch(config)#interface fastEthernet 0/1

把0/1变成trunk口（默认是access口）

Switch(config-if)#switchport mode trunk

%LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface FastEthernet0/1, changed state to down

%LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface FastEthernet0/1, changed state to up

Switch(config-if)#exit

进入接口配置模式分别把对应的接口，加入对应的vlan：

Switch(config)#interface fastEthernet 1/1

Switch(config-if)#switchport mode access

Switch(config-if)#switchport access vlan 10

Switch(config-if)#interface fastEthernet 2/1

Switch(config-if)#switchport mode access

Switch(config-if)#switchport access vlan 20

到此而层交换机配置完毕！

路由器的配置：

Router>

Router>enable

Router#configure terminal

Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z.

Router(config)#inter fas 0/0

Router(config-if)#no ip address

Router(config-if)#no shutdown

注意：单臂路由的配置父接口一定要no shutdown

%LINK-5-CHANGED: Interface FastEthernet0/0, changed state to up

%LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface FastEthernet0/0, changed state to up

Router(config-if)#exit

Router(config)#int fas 0/0.10

%LINK-5-CHANGED: Interface FastEthernet0/0.10, changed state to up

%LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface FastEthernet0/0.10, changed state to up

Router(config-subif)#encapsulation dot1Q 10

注意：在配置ip时一定要先封装802.1q协议

Router(config-subif)#ip address 192.168.10.1 255.255.255.0

Router(config-subif)#no shutdown

Router(config-subif)#int fas 0/0.20

%LINK-5-CHANGED: Interface FastEthernet0/0.20, changed state to up

%LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface FastEthernet0/0.20, changed state to up

Router(config-subif)#ip address 192.168.20.1 255.255.255.0

% Configuring IP routing on a LAN subinterface is only allowed if that

subinterface is already configured as part of an IEEE 802.10, IEEE 802.1Q,

or ISL vLAN.

Router(config-subif)#encapsulation dot1Q 20

Router(config-subif)#ip address 192.168.20.1 255.255.255.0

Router(config-subif)#no shutdown

Router(config-subif)#

查看路由表：

Router#show ip route

Codes: C - connected, S - static, I - IGRP, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP

D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area

N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2

E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2, E - EGP

i - IS-IS, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2, ia - IS-IS inter area

* - candidate default, U - per-user static route, o - ODR

P - periodic downloaded static route

Gateway of last resort is not set

C 192.168.10.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0.10

C 192.168.20.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0.20

Router#

PC0的配置：

ip 192.168.10.10

netmask 255.255.255.0

gateway 192.168.10.1

PC1的配置：

ip 192.168.20.20

netmask 255.255.255.0

gateway 192.168.20.1

2.使用SVI实现VLAN间的通信（图）

环境：一台三层交换机，两台pc机

三层交换机的配置：

Switch>enable

Switch#configure terminal

Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z.

创建vlan 10 20

Switch(config)#vlan 10

Switch(config-vlan)#vlan 20

Switch(config-vlan)#exit

配置SVI接口ip

Switch(config)#interface vlan 10

%LINK-5-CHANGED: Interface Vlan10, changed state to up

Switch(config-if)#ip address 192.168.10.1 255.255.255.0

Switch(config-if)#no shutdown

Switch(config-if)#interface vlan 20

%LINK-5-CHANGED: Interface Vlan20, changed state to up

Switch(config-if)#ip address 192.168.20.1 255.255.255.0

Switch(config-if)#no shutdown

Switch(config-if)#exit

改变接口模式并加入vlan

Switch(config)#interface fastEthernet 0/1

Switch(config-if)#switchport mode access

Switch(config-if)#switchport access vlan 10

%LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface Vlan10, changed state to up

Switch(config-if)#interface fastEthernet 0/2

Switch(config-if)#switchport mode access

Switch(config-if)#switchport access vlan 20

%LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface Vlan20, changed state to up

Switch(config-if)#

看三层交换机的路由表：

Switch#show ip route

Codes: C - connected, S - static, I - IGRP, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP

D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area

N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2

E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2, E - EGP

i - IS-IS, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2, ia - IS-IS inter area

* - candidate default, U - per-user static route, o - ODR

P - periodic downloaded static route

Gateway of last resort is not set

C 192.168.10.0/24 is directly connected, Vlan10

C 192.168.20.0/24 is directly connected, Vlan20

Switch#

两主机的配置与单臂路由中两主机的配置一样

3.跨交换机实现VLAN间的通信（图）

环境：一台三层交换机，两台二层交换机，两台pc机

三层交换机的配置(SW3)

Switch>enable

Switch#configure terminal

Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z.

创建vlan 10 、 20 并设置ip

Switch(config)#vlan 10

Switch(config-vlan)#vlan 20

Switch(config-vlan)#exit

Switch(config)#interface vlan 10

%LINK-5-CHANGED: Interface Vlan10, changed state to up

Switch(config-if)#ip address 192.168.10.1 255.255.255.0

Switch(config-if)#no shutdown

Switch(config-if)#interface vlan 20

%LINK-5-CHANGED: Interface Vlan20, changed state to up

Switch(config-if)#ip address 192.168.20.1 255.255.255.0

Switch(config-if)#no shutdown

Switch(config-if)#exit

设置接口模式并加入相应的vlan（注意trunk口的设置）

Switch(config)#interface fastEthernet 0/1

Switch(config-if)#switchport mode trunk

Switch(config-if)#interface fastEthernet 0/1

Switch(config-if)#switchport access vlan 10

%LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface Vlan10, changed state to up

Switch(config)#interface fastEthernet 0/2

Switch(config-if)#switchport mode trunk

Switch(config-if)#interface fastEthernet 0/2

Switch(config-if)#switchport access vlan 20

%LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface Vlan20, changed state to up

Switch#

看路由表

Switch#show ip route

Codes: C - connected, S - static, I - IGRP, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP

D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area

N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2

E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2, E - EGP

i - IS-IS, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2, ia - IS-IS inter area

* - candidate default, U - per-user static route, o - ODR

P - periodic downloaded static route

Gateway of last resort is not set

C 192.168.10.0/24 is directly connected, Vlan10

C 192.168.20.0/24 is directly connected, Vlan20

SW21的配置

Switch>enable

Switch#configure terminal

Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z.

Switch(config)#vlan 10

Switch(config-vlan)#exit

Switch(config)#interface fastEthernet 0/1

Switch(config-if)#switchport mode trunk

%LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface FastEthernet0/1, changed state to down

%LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface FastEthernet0/1, changed state to up

Switch(config-if)#interface fastEthernet 1/1

Switch(config-if)#switchport mode access

Switch(config-if)#switchport access vlan 10

Switch(config-if)#exit

Switch(config)#

SW22的配置

Switch>

Switch>en

Switch#

Switch#configure ter

Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z.

Switch(config)#inter fas 1/1

Switch(config-if)#switchport mode trunk

%LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface FastEthernet1/1, changed state to down

%LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface FastEthernet1/1, changed state to up

Switch(config-if)#switchport mode access

Switch(config-if)#inter fas 2/1

Switch(config-if)#switchport mode trunk

%LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface FastEthernet2/1, changed state to down

%LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface FastEthernet2/1, changed state to up

Switch(config-if)#exit

Switch(config)#vlan 20

Switch(config-vlan)#inter fas 1/1

Switch(config-if)#switchport access vlan 20

Switch(config-if)#

注意：两交换机之间的链接是trunk链路

4.以上配置在模拟器上都可实现

在模拟器上配置其中pc图片

上述三种方式pc机的配置都一样

二、不同vlan之间如何通信

不同的vlan想要进行通信必须要用到三层设备才能实现vlan间的互访，比如路由器或三层交换机。

路由器就做vlan间路由，三层交换机中只需要在不同的vlan上配置了网关。

如果是二层交换机，可以另外借助一台路由器，做单臂路由；如果是三层交换机，直接开启三层交换功能，思科的话需要全局配置模式下手动开iprouting，华为或者其他思科风格的交换机应该默认开启的。

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